If prolonged bleeding occurs from a single cannulation site, what is the most likely cause?

• A. Repeated cannulations at the same site
• B. Infiltration
• C. Dialysis membrane damage
• D. Venous stenosis

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is that repeated needle sticks at the same cannulation site cause local trauma to the vessel and surrounding tissue. Each cannulation can damage the cannulation tract and the vessel wall, so the area becomes fragile and less able to seal off a puncture after the needle is removed. That makes bleeding last longer from that single site. To prevent this, rotate cannulation sites to give tissue time to heal and reduce damage to any one tract. Infiltration would show swelling and tissue damage away from the vessel, membrane damage would mostly affect dialysis efficiency rather than bleeding from a site, and venous stenosis is a longer-term issue with poor flow, not an immediate bleeding problem.