Latent TB can become active TB if not treated.

• A. False
• B. Not applicable
• C. True
• D. Only with HIV

Answer: (C)

Latent TB infection means the person carries Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the body, but the bacteria are dormant and there are no symptoms, and the person isn’t infectious. If this latent infection isn’t treated, those dormant bacteria can wake up and multiply, turning into active TB disease. Once active, symptoms like cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss may appear, and the person can spread TB to others. The chance of reactivation is higher when the immune system is weaker, such as with HIV, certain medical conditions, or immunosuppressive treatments. Treating latent TB with the appropriate antibiotics markedly lowers the risk of progression to active TB and helps prevent transmission.