The following are examples of what process: during initiation and termination of dialysis; cannulation of an access; needle adjustment; changing a transducer; setting up a dialysis machine.

• A. Cleaning and routine maintenance
• B. Administrative tasks not involving patient contact
• C. PPE not required for any procedure
• D. Examples of procedures where exposure may occur and PPE must be worn

Answer: (D)

The key idea is protecting yourself with PPE whenever there’s a chance of exposure to blood or body fluids. In dialysis, the tasks listed—initiating and terminating treatment, cannulating the access, adjusting needles, changing the transducer, and setting up the dialysis machine—involve direct contact with bloodlines and the patient’s vascular access. That creates a real risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, so using appropriate PPE is necessary for these procedures. The other options don’t address this exposure risk or the need for PPE in these contexts.