Which set of foot-care instructions should an RN teach a patient?

• A. Soak feet daily in hot water; Clip nails aggressively; Use scented lotion; Remove shoes at all times
• B. Keep feet dry/clean; Inspect feet daily for skin breaks; Apply lotion to lubricate feet (alcohol-free); Always wear shoes and ensure proper fit
• C. Keep feet wet; Inspect weekly; Use scented lotion; Walk barefoot
• D. Use antifungal powder; Trim nails weekly; Soak feet in cold water; Massage feet daily

Answer: (B)

The main idea being tested is safe, daily foot-care practices that prevent skin breakdown and infection. The best guidance focuses on keeping the feet clean and dry, inspecting them every day for any skin changes or breaks, using a moisturizer that won’t irritate or dry the skin, and wearing properly fitting shoes to protect the feet from injury.

Keeping feet dry and clean helps prevent fungal infections and skin maceration. Daily inspection for skin breaks such as cracks, redness, blisters, or ulcers allows early treatment and reduces the risk of more serious problems, especially for patients with diabetes or poor circulation. Using an alcohol-free moisturizer protects and maintains skin elasticity without adding drying or irritating ingredients. Wearing shoes that fit well every time the patient is on their feet minimizes pressure points and injury; staying barefoot increases the chance of cuts and infections.

These steps contrast with other practices that can cause harm—soaking feet in hot water can burn or dry and irritate skin; aggressive nail clipping can lead to injury or ingrown nails; scented lotions may irritate sensitive skin; walking barefoot increases infection risk; and weekly rather than daily inspection delays detection of problems.