Which symptom most strongly suggests infection at a dialysis access site?

• A. Redness, warmth, drainage or fever around the access site.
• B. Clear drainage without redness.
• C. Absence of drainage.
• D. Mild itching only.

Answer: (A)

Recognizing infection at a dialysis access site hinges on local inflammatory signs and systemic symptoms. Redness and warmth around the access indicate inflammation that may be infection, and drainage—especially if purulent—further supports infection. Fever shows a broader, systemic response that infections can cause, signaling the need for prompt assessment and treatment to prevent serious complications. In contrast, clear drainage without redness, absence of drainage, or mild itching alone are not typical red flags for infection. Together, redness, warmth, drainage, or fever around the access site most strongly point to an infection that requires medical attention.